![]() ![]() Once an electron moves to a higher-energy orbit, it eventually wants to return to the ground state. In other words, if we apply some heat to an atom, we might expect that some of the electrons in the lower energy orbitals would transition to higher energy orbitals, moving farther from the nucleus.Īn atom has a nucleus and an electron cloud. Although more modern views of the atom do not depict discrete orbits for the electrons, it can be useful to think of these orbits as the different energy levels of the atom. Think of the electrons in this cloud as circling the nucleus in many different orbits. The level of excitation depends on the amount of energy applied to the atom via heat, light or electricity.Īn atom consists of a nucleus (containing the protons and neutrons) and an electron cloud. If we apply a lot of energy to an atom, it can leave what is called the ground-state energy level and move to an excited level. ![]() In other words, they can have different energies. Solids are actually in motion! Atoms can be in different states of excitation. Even the atoms that make up the chairs that we sit in are moving around. They continuously vibrate, move and rotate. Infrared light is emitted by an object because of what is happening at the atomic level. The key difference between thermal-IR and the other two is that thermal-IR is emitted by an object instead of reflected off it. Thermal-infrared (thermal-IR) - Occupying the largest part of the infrared spectrum, thermal-IR has wavelengths ranging from 3 microns to over 30 microns.Both near-IR and mid-IR are used by a variety of electronic devices, including remote controls. Mid-infrared (mid-IR) - Mid-IR has wavelengths ranging from 1.3 to 3 microns. ![]()
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